The universities was in fact categorized by the Chilean Ministry regarding Knowledge towards around three account, namely lowest-finding colleges, mid-reaching colleges and you may highest-reaching colleges, reliant the newest abilities of the college students in every SIMCE evaluating ( 32 ) .
Anthropometric proportions and you will nutritional condition
Standardized procedures were used to measure students’ weight to the nearest 0·1 kg, using a Seca scale (SECA, Hamburg, Germany), and height to the nearest 0·1 cm, using a Holtain stadiometer. All instruments were verified before measuring each participant ( Reference Gibson 33 ) . BMI (kg/m 2 ) and height-for-age were evaluated, and Z-scores were obtained according to the references of the Centers for Disease Control, National Center for Health Statistics (USA) ( Reference Kuczmarski, Ogden and Guo 34 ) . Nutritional status was defined as follows: underweight, BMI Z-score
Socio-financial status
Socio-monetary standing (SES) was mentioned playing with a size based on Graffar’s altered approach and therefore try adjusted to Chilean metropolitan and you will outlying populations ( Reference Alvarez, Muzzo and Ivaple to the four socio-financial groups: 1=highest (0·step three %); 2=mid–large (14·seven %); 3=center (38·step 3 %); 4=mid–reduced (45·six %); and you will 5=reduced (step 1·step one %). Although not, inside our studies we combined such five kinds into the around three: higher (1+2), middle (3) and you will reduced (4+5) SES.
Statistical research
Statistical analysis included performing ? 2 tests to compare categorical variables, and ANOVA and Bonferroni tests for comparison of continuous variables. After performing bivariate analyses with each potential confounding variable, including sex, grade, nutritional status, SES and school’s performance, we used logistic regression to assess the relationship between the nutritional quality of snacks at school (exposure) and individual academic performance in Mathematics and Language (outcome). In each case, the probability of passing the test was estimated using three models. In the second model, SES was added. Finally, a fully adjusted model contained all mentioned covariates with the addition of a variable denoting the school’s academic performance. Because the variable school’s performance was partly derived from the outcome variables, this adjustment may cause underestimation of the association, so we included models with and without adjustment for school’s performance. A P value of <0·05 denoted statistical significance. Data were processed using the statistical software package Stata SE for Windows version 12·0.
Results
The try was developed upwards out of 13·1 ( sd 2·3) year-dated male (52 %) and you can women (48 %) teenagers of lower (44·step 3 %), center (39·6 %) and you may higher (16·1 %) SES. It attended 5th (51·9 %) and you can 9th (48·1 %) grade in public (34·8 %), partly subsidized (57·8 %) and personal colleges (7·4 %) throughout the Santiago Metropolitan Region. For health updates, 45 % regarding users was in fact over weight or fat. Almost half the young (48 %) attended high-achieving colleges, whereas 29 % and 23 % attended middle- and you may reduced-reaching colleges, correspondingly.
Throughout the test, 56 % out-of people said use of situations within snack big date that have been packed with body weight, glucose, sodium and effort. Thirty-half a dozen % was indeed thought about to have terrible-to-reasonable snacking, whereas merely 8 % was considered to eat healthy items in treat date at school. Table step 1 comes with the detailed analytics of your own take to. Mediocre values from results from inside the Language and you will Math have been somewhat ong those with lower health top-notch snacks at school (P=0·01). Brand new share out of pupils taking unhealthy dishes in school is actually somewhat high one of 9th graders (59 %; P=0·040), students attending lower-gaining colleges (61 %; P=0·036), as well as one of underweight and you can regular-weight people (69 % and 62 %, respectively; P=0·006).